What impact does heavy rainfall have on erosion rates?

Heavy rainfall significantly influences erosion rates due to the intensity and volume of water that can mobilize soil particles. When heavy rainfall occurs, it generates increased surface runoff, which can carry away loose soil and sediment. This process often leads to higher rates of erosion, particularly in areas where vegetation is sparse or where the soil structure is already compromised.

Moreover, during heavy rainfall events, the force of the raindrops can dislodge particles from the soil surface, and the sheer volume of water can create fast-moving water flows that further strip away sediment. This effect is compounded in areas with steep slopes, poor land management, or minimal vegetative cover, all of which are prone to greater erosion during heavy rain.

Thus, the assertion that heavy rainfall can greatly increase erosion rates is supported by these processes, making it the correct choice. The other options do not accurately represent the relationship between heavy rainfall and erosion, as they either minimize its impact or suggest limited effects based on specific soil types.