What is sedimentation?

Sedimentation refers to the process in which solid particles suspended in a fluid settle out of that fluid and accumulate, usually driven by the force of gravity. This process is common in natural systems such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, where it plays a crucial role in shaping the landscape and forming various geological structures.

When particles such as sand, silt, and clay are transported by water or air, their eventual settling leads to the formation of sediment layers. This action not only affects the quality of the water but also impacts aquatic ecosystems and can lead to the formation of sedimentary rock over geological time.

The other choices refer to different processes and do not accurately define sedimentation. The first choice describes dissolution rather than settling. The third choice pertains to chemical reactions involving sediments, which is a different aspect of sedimentary processes. The fourth choice discusses soil compaction, which involves the densification of soil through mechanical compression, entirely separate from the concept of sedimentation.