Which is a biological effect of erosion and sedimentation?

Disruption of the food chain is a significant biological effect of erosion and sedimentation. When sediment is washed into water bodies, it can cloud the water, reducing light penetration. This reduction in light can affect the growth of aquatic plants, which serve as the foundation of the food chain. As plant populations decline due to inadequate sunlight, the herbivorous species that depend on them for food will also be affected. This disruption can cascade through the ecosystem, impacting higher trophic levels, including predatory fish and other wildlife that rely on those species for sustenance.

Understanding this effect highlights the interconnectedness of ecosystem components and the critical role that sedimentation plays in maintaining ecological balance.